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Vorteile der veganen Ernährung für die Gesundheit

  1. Peter Clarys, Tom Deliens, Inge Huybrechts, Peter Deriemaeker, Barbara Vanaelst, Willem De Keyzer, Marcel Hebbelinck, Patrick Mullie: Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet; Nutrients. 2014 Mar; 6(3): 1318–1332.; doi: 10.3390/nu6031318
  2. Winston J Craig: Health effects of vegan diets; Am J Clin Nutr May 2009; vol. 89 no. 5 1627S-1633S
  3. Timothy J. Key, Paul N. Appleby, Magdalena S. Rosell: Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets; Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK; DOI: 10.1079/PNS2005481
  4. Nadja B. Kristensen, Mia L. Madsen, Tue H. Hansen, Kristine H. Allin, Camilla Hoppe, Sisse Fagt, Mia S. Lausten, Rikke J. Gøbel, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, and Oluf Pedersen: Intake of macro- and micronutrients in Danish vegans; Nutr J. 2015; 14: 115.; Published online 2015 Oct 30. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3; PMCID: PMC4628270
  5. Dewell A, Weidner G, Sumner MD, Chi CS, Ornish D.: A very-low-fat vegan diet increases intake of protective dietary factors and decreases intake of pathogenic dietary factors.; J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Feb;108(2):347-56.; doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.044.
  6. Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ.: Diet and body mass index in 38000 EPIC-Oxford meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans.; Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Jun; 27(6):728-34.
  7. Huang RY, Huang CC, Hu FB, Chavarro JE.: Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.; J Gen Intern Med. 2015 Jul 3.
  8. Kuchta A, Lebiedzińska A, Fijałkowski M, Gałąska R, Kreft E, Totoń M, Czaja K, Kozłowska A, Ćwiklińska A, Kortas-Stempak B, Strzelecki A, Gliwińska A, Dąbkowski K, Jankowski M.: Impact of plant-based diet on lipid risk factors for atherosclerosis.; Cardiol J. 2016 Jan 18. doi: 10.5603/CJ.a2016.0002. [Epub ahead of print]; PMID: 26779974
  9. Sinha R, Cross AJ, Graubard BI, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A.: Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people.; Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 23;169(6):562-71.; doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.6.
  10. Knize MG, Felton JS.: Formation and human risk of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formed from natural precursors in meat.; Nutr Rev. 2005 May;63(5):158-65.
  11. Maruyama K, Oshima T, Ohyama K.: Exposure to exogenous estrogen through intake of commercial milk produced from pregnant cows.; Pediatr Int. 2010 Feb; 52(1):33-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.02890.x. Epub 2009 May 22.
  12. John D. Grant, MD FRCPC: Food for thought … and health Making a case for plant-based nutrition; Can Fam Physician. 2012 Sep; 58(9): 917–919.; PMCID: PMC3440258
  13. The President and Fellows of Harvard College: Calcium and Milk: What’s Best for Your Bones and Health?; abgerufen am 13.11.2015
  14. Maruyama K, Oshima T, Ohyama K.: Exposure to exogenous estrogen through intake of commercial milk produced from pregnant cows.; Pediatr Int. 2010 Feb;52 (1):33-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.02890.x. Epub 2009 May 22.
  15. Rick J. Jansen, Dennis P. Robinson, Ryan D. Frank, Kristin E. Anderson, William R. Bamlet, Ann L. Oberg, Kari G. Rabe, Janet E. Olson, Rashmi Sinha, Gloria M. Petersen, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon: Fatty Acids Found in Dairy, Protein, and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Case-Control Study; Int J Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 Apr 15.; Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2014 Apr 15; 134(8): 1935–1946.; Published online 2013 Oct 29. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28525; PMCID: PMC3942799; NIHMSID: NIHMS531589
  16. Genetics Home Reference: Lactose intolerance; abgerufen am 01.10.2015
  17. Ausman LM, Oliver LM, Goldin BR, Woods MN, Gorbach SL, Dwyer JT.: Estimated net acid excretion inversely correlates with urine pH in vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, and omnivores.; J Ren Nutr. 2008 Sep;18(5):456-65. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2008.04.007.; PMID: 18721741
  18. Peter Burckhardt: The role of low acid load in vegetarian diet on bone health: a narrative review; Swiss Med Wkly. 2016;146:w14277; Published 22 February 2016, doi:10.4414/smw.2016.14277
  19. Preventing and Reversing Osteoporosis; abgerufen am 01.10.2015
  20. John D. Grant, MD FRCPC: Food for thought … and health Making a case for plant-based nutrition; Can Fam Physician. 2012 Sep; 58(9): 917–919.; PMCID: PMC3440258
  21. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ.: A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones.; N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8.; PMID: 8441427
  22. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP.: Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):727-36.; PMID: 10197575
  23. Prynne CJ, Mishra GD, O'Connell MA, Muniz G, Laskey MA, Yan L, Prentice A, Ginty F.: Fruit and vegetable intakes and bone mineral status: a cross sectional study in 5 age and sex cohorts.; Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1420-8.; PMID: 16789345
  24. Chen YM, Ho SC, Woo JL.: Greater fruit and vegetable intake is associated with increased bone mass among postmenopausal Chinese women.; Br J Nutr. 2006 Oct;96(4):745-51.; PMID: 17010235
  25. Tanumihardjo SA.: Vitamin A and bone health: the balancing act.; J Clin Densitom. 2013 Oct-Dec;16(4):414-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.016.; PMID: 24183637
  26. Philip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Carole Bartolotto, MA, RD: Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets; Perm J. 2013 Spring; 17(2): 61–66.; doi: 10.7812/TPP/12-085; PMCID: PMC3662288
  27. PK Newby, Katherine L Tucker, and Alicja Wolk: Risk of overweight and obesity among semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women; Am J Clin Nutr June 2005 vol. 81 no. 6 1267-1274
  28. Serena Tonstad, MD, PHD, Terry Butler, DRPH, Ru Yan, MSC and Gary E. Fraser, MD, PHD: Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes; Published online before print April 7, 2009, doi: 10.2337/dc08-1886; Diabetes Care May 2009 vol. 32 no. 5 791-796
  29. De Biase SG, Fernandes SF, Gianini RJ, Duarte JL.: Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and triglycerides levels.; Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007 Jan;88(1):35-9.
  30. Fenglei Wang, MS; Jusheng Zheng, PhD; Bo Yang, MPH; Jiajing Jiang, MS; Yuanqing Fu, PhD; Duo Li, PhD: Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta?Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials; Coronary Heart Disease; J Am Heart Assoc. 2015; 4: e002408 originally published October 27, 2015 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002408
  31. Luc Djoussé, Donna K Arnett, Hilary Coon, Michael A Province, Lynn L Moore, and R Curtis Ellison: Fruit and vegetable consumption and LDL cholesterol: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study; Am J Clin Nutr February 2004; vol. 79 no. 2 213-217
  32. Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND.: Effects of plant-based diets on plasma lipids.; Am J Cardiol. 2009 Oct 1;104(7):947-56. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.032.; PMID: 19766762
  33. Bazzano LA, Serdula MK, Liu S.: Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of cardiovascular disease.; Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2003 Nov;5(6):492-9.
  34. Maximino Alfredo Mejia, Albert Sanchez, Joanie Sanchez, Eric Runte: A Vegan Diet Rich in Fats of Plant Origin May Reverse Coronary Artery Disease; April 2016; The FASEB Journal vol. 30 no. 1 Supplement 904.11
  35. Lap Tai Le and Joan Sabaté: Beyond Meatless, the Health Effects of Vegan Diets: Findings from the Adventist Cohorts; Nutrients. 2014 Jun; 6(6): 2131–2147.; Published online 2014 May 27.; doi: 10.3390/nu6062131; PMCID: PMC4073139
  36. Orlich MJ, Singh PN, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Knutsen S, Beeson WL, Fraser GE.: Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2.; JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Jul 8;173(13):1230-8.; doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6473.
  37. Andrea Bellavia, Susanna C Larsson, Matteo Bottai, Alicja Wolk, and Nicola Orsini: Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality: a dose-response analysis; Am J Clin Nutr August 2013; doi: 10.3945/?ajcn.112.056119
  38. Jin ZY, Wu M, Han RQ, Zhang XF, Wang XS, Liu AM, Zhou JY, Lu QY, Zhang ZF, Zhao JK.: Raw garlic consumption as a protective factor for lung cancer, a population-based case-control study in a Chinese population.; Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul; 6(7):711-8.; doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0015. Epub 2013 May 8.
  39. Claire T McEvoy, Norman Temple, Jayne V Woodside: Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review; Public Health Nutrition: 15(12), 2287–2294; doi:10.1017/S1368980012000936
  40. Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN: Legume and isoflavone intake and prostate cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.; Int J Cancer. 2008 Aug 15;123(4):927-32.; doi: 10.1002/ijc.23594.
  41. Tantamango-Bartley Y, Knutsen SF, Knutsen R, Jacobsen BK, Fan J, Beeson WL, Sabate J, Hadley D, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Penniecook J, Herring P, Butler T, Bennett H, Fraser G.: Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer?; Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Nov 11. pii: ajcn106450. [Epub ahead of print]; PMID: 26561618
  42. McCarty MF: Vegan proteins may reduce risk of cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disease by promoting increased glucagon activity.; Med Hypotheses. 1999 Dec;53(6):459-85.
  43. Bingham SA, Day NE, Luben R, Ferrari P, Slimani N, Norat T, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kesse E, Nieters A, Boeing H, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Gonzalez CA, Key TJ, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Vineis P, Tumino R, Krogh V, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Berglund G, Hallmans G, Lund E, Skeie G, Kaaks R, Riboli E; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.: Dietary fibre in food and protection against colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): an observational study.; Lancet. 2003 May 3;361(9368):1496-501.; PMID: 12737858
  44. Michael J. Orlich, MD, PhD, Pramil N. Singh, DrPH, Joan Sabaté, MD, DrPH, Jing Fan, MS, Lars Sveen, Hannelore Bennett, MS, Synnove F. Knutsen, MD, PhD, W. Lawrence Beeson, DrPH, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, DrPH, MS, Terry L. Butler, DrPH, R. Patti Herring, PhD, and Gary E. Fraser, PhD, MD: Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Cancers; JAMA Intern Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 May 5.; Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2015 May 1; 175(5): 767–776.; doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.59; PMCID: PMC4420687; NIHMSID: NIHMS670872
  45. Carrie Printz: Vegetarian diet associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer; Cancer: Volume 121, Issue 16, page 2667, August 15, 2015Article first published online: 6 AUG 2015; DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29582
  46. Rick J. Jansen, Dennis P. Robinson, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, William R. Bamlet, Mariza de Andrade, Ann L. Oberg, Kari G. Rabe, Kristin E. Anderson, Janet E. Olson, Rashmi Sinha, Gloria M. Petersen: Nutrients from Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Reduce the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer;J Gastrointest Cancer. 2013 Jun; 44(2): 152–161.; doi: 10.1007/s12029-012-9441-y; PMCID: PMC3694591; NIHMSID: NIHMS479653
  47. American Institute for Cancer Research: Recommendations for Cancer Prevention; abgerufen am 26.04.2016
  48. Penniecook-Sawyers JA, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Beeson L, Knutsen S, Herring P, Fraser GE.: Vegetarian dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer in a low-risk population.; Br J Nutr. 2016 Mar 18:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]; PMID: 26987270
  49. Lap Tai Le and Joan Sabaté: Beyond Meatless, the Health Effects of Vegan Diets: Findings from the Adventist Cohorts; Nutrients. 2014 Jun; 6(6): 2131–2147.; doi: 10.3390/nu6062131; PMCID: PMC4073139
  50. Dinu M, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A, Sofi F.: Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies.; Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Feb 6:0. [Epub ahead of print]; PMID: 26853923
  51. Tantamango-Bartley Y, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Fraser G.: Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population.; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Feb;22(2):286-94. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1060. Epub 2012 Nov 20.; PMID: 23169929
  52. Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ.: Hypertension and blood pressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC-Oxford.; Public Health Nutr. 2002 Oct;5(5):645-54.
  53. Yoko Yokoyama, PhD, MPH; Kunihiro Nishimura, MD, PhD, MPH; Neal D. Barnard, MD; Misa Takegami, RN, PhD, MPH; Makoto Watanabe, MD, PhD; Akira Sekikawa, MD, PhD; Tomonori Okamura, MD, PhD; Yoshihiro Miyamoto, MD, PhD: Vegetarian Diets and Blood Pressure A Meta-analysis; JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(4):577-587. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.14547.
  54. David J. A. Jenkins, MD, PhD; Cyril W. C. Kendall, PhD; Livia S. A. Augustin, PhD; Sandra Mitchell, RD; Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, RD; Sonia Blanco Mejia, MD; Laura Chiavaroli, MSc; Arash Mirrahimi, MSc; Christopher Ireland, BSc; Balachandran Bashyam, PhD; Edward Vidgen, BSc; Russell J. de Souza, ScD; John L. Sievenpiper, MD; Judy Coveney, RD; Lawrence A. Leiter, MD; Robert G. Josse, MD: Effect of Legumes as Part of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes MellitusA Randomized Controlled Trial; Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(21):1653-1660. doi:10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.70.
  55. Paul N Appleby, Naomi E Allen, Timothy J Key: Diet, vegetarianism, and cataract risk; Am J Clin Nutr May 2011 vol. 93 no. 5 1128-1135; First published March 23, 2011, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004028
  56. Neal D. Barnard, Ashley I. Bush, Antonia Ceccarelli, James Cooper, Celeste A. de Jager, Kirk I. Erickson, Gary Fraser, Shelli Kesler, Susan M. Levin, Brendan Lucey, Martha Clare Morris, Rosanna Squitti: Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease; Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.033
  57. Nadja B. Kristensen, Mia L. Madsen, Tue H. Hansen, Kristine H. Allin, Camilla Hoppe, Sisse Fagt, Mia S. Lausten, Rikke J. Gøbel, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen: Intake of macro- and micronutrients in Danish vegans; Nutr J. 2015; 14: 115.; Published online 2015 Oct 30. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3; PMCID: PMC4628270
  58. Craig WJ1, Mangels AR; American Dietetic Association.: Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets.; J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Jul;109(7):1266-82.
  59. M. Segasothy, P.A. Phillips: Vegetarian diet: panacea for modern lifestyle diseases?; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/92.9.531 531-544