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Verhältnis von Omega-3 zu Omega-6

  1. The Physicians Committee: Essential Fatty Acids; abgerufen am 08.12.2015
  2. Simopoulos AP.: The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids.; Biomed Pharmacother. 2002 Oct;56(8):365-79.; PMID: 12442909
  3. Artemis P Simopoulos: Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease; Am J Clin Nutr September 1999; vol. 70 no. 3 560s-569s
  4. Simopoulos AP.: Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases.; Biomed Pharmacother. 2006 Nov;60(9):502-7. Epub 2006 Aug 28.; PMID: 17045449
  5. M.R. Fokkema, D.A.J. Brouwer, M.B. Hasperhoven, Y. Hettema, W.J.E. Bemelmans, F.A.J. Muskiet: Polyunsaturated fatty acid status of Dutch vegans and omnivores; Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA); Volume 63, Issue 5, November 2000, Pages 279-285; doi:10.1054/plef.2000.0215
  6. Brenda C Davis, Penny M Kris-Etherton: Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications; Am J Clin Nutr September 2003; vol. 78 no. 3 640S-646S
  7. Apte SA, Cavazos DA, Whelan KA, Degraffenried LA.: A low dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 Fatty acids may delay progression of prostate cancer.; Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(4):556-62. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.775316.; PMID: 23659447
  8. E. Patterson, R. Wall, G. F. Fitzgerald, R. P. Ross, C. Stanton: Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism; Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 539426, 16 pages; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/539426
  9. Nicolas Blondeau, Robert H. Lipsky, Miled Bourourou, Mark W. Duncan, Philip B. Gorelick, Ann M. Marini: Alpha-Linolenic Acid: An Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Neuroprotective Properties—Ready for Use in the Stroke Clinic?; Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 519830.; Published online 2015 Feb 19. doi: 10.1155/2015/519830
  10. A.P. Simopoulos: Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases; Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy; Volume 60, Issue 9, November 2006, Pages 502–507; Special Issue for the 50è anniversary of the journal; doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2006.07.080
  11. Pischon T, Hankinson SE, Hotamisligil GS, Rifai N, Willett WC, Rimm EB.: Habitual dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in relation to inflammatory markers among US men and women.; Circulation. 2003 Jul 15;108(2):155-60. Epub 2003 Jun 23.; PMID: 12821543
  12. Weiss LA, Barrett-Connor E, von Mühlen D.: Ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.; Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;81(4):934-8.; PMID: 15817874
  13. Simopoulos AP.: The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases.; Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Jun;233(6):674-88. doi: 10.3181/0711-MR-311. Epub 2008 Apr 11.; PMID: 18408140
  14. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Belury MA, Porter K, Beversdorf DQ, Lemeshow S, Glaser R.: Depressive symptoms, omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids, and inflammation in older adults.; Psychosom Med. 2007 Apr;69(3):217-24. Epub 2007 Mar 30.; PMID: 17401057
  15. C. Gómez Candela, L. M.a Bermejo López, V. Loria Kohen: Importance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health. Nutritional recommendations; Nutrición Hospitalaria; Print version ISSN 0212-1611; Nutr. Hosp. vol.26 no.2 Madrid Mar.-Apr. 2011
  16. E. Patterson, R. Wall, G. F. Fitzgerald, R. P. Ross, C. Stanton: Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism; Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 539426, 16 pages; http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/539426
  17. A.P. Simopoulos: Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases; Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy; Volume 60, Issue 9, November 2006, Pages 502–507; Special Issue for the 50è anniversary of the journal; doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2006.07.080
  18. Lands B.: Planning primary prevention of coronary disease.; Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2009 Jul;11(4):272-80.; PMID: 19500490
  19. Bill Lands: Consequences of Essential Fatty Acids; Nutrients. 2012 Sep; 4(9): 1338–1357.; Published online 2012 Sep 24. doi: 10.3390/nu4091338; PMCID: PMC3475243
  20. Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University: Essential Fatty Acids; abgerufen am 08.12.2015
  21. Friesen RW, Innis SM.: Linoleic acid is associated with lower long-chain n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in red blood cell lipids of Canadian pregnant women.; Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan;91(1):23-31. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28206. Epub 2009 Nov 18.; PMID: 19923368
  22. Kerstin Harnack, Gaby Andersen, Veronika Somoza: Quantitation of alpha-linolenic acid elongation to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid as affected by the ratio of n6/n3 fatty acids; Nutr Metab (Lond). 2009; 6: 8.; Published online 2009 Feb 19. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-8; PMCID: PMC2656504
  23. Gibson RA, Muhlhausler B, Makrides M.: Conversion of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), with a focus on pregnancy, lactation and the first 2 years of life.; Matern Child Nutr. 2011 Apr;7 Suppl 2:17-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00299.x.; PMID: 21366864
  24. Angela V Saunders, Brenda C Davis, Manohar L Garg: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vegetarian diets; Med J Aust 2013; 199 (4 Suppl): S22-S26.; doi: 10.5694/mja11.11507
  25. Liou YA, King DJ, Zibrik D, Innis SM.: Decreasing linoleic acid with constant alpha-linolenic acid in dietary fats increases (n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma phospholipids in healthy men.; J Nutr. 2007 Apr;137(4):945-52.; PMID: 17374659
  26. Gerster H.: Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)?; Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(3):159-73.; PMID: 9637947
  27. Li D.: Chemistry behind Vegetarianism.; J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Feb 9;59(3):777-84. doi: 10.1021/jf103846u. Epub 2011 Jan 4.; PMID: 21204526
  28. Caramia G.: The essential fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3: from their discovery to their use in therapy.; Minerva Pediatr. 2008 Apr;60(2):219-33.; PMID: 18449139
  29. Lands WE.: Dietary fat and health: the evidence and the politics of prevention: careful use of dietary fats can improve life and prevent disease.; Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1055:179-92.; PMID: 16387724
  30. Narinder Kaur, Vishal Chugh, Anil K. Gupta: Essential fatty acids as functional components of foods- a review; J Food Sci Technol. 2014 Oct; 51(10): 2289–2303. Published online 2012 Mar 21. doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0677-0; PMCID: PMC4190204