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  1. Karen H. C. Lim, Lynn J. Riddell, Caryl A. Nowson, Alison O. Booth, Ewa A. Szymlek-Gay: Iron and Zinc Nutrition in the Economically-Developed World: A Review; Nutrients. 2013 Aug; 5(8): 3184–3211.; Published online 2013 Aug 13. doi: 10.3390/nu5083184; PMCID: PMC3775249
  2. Prinessa Chellan, Peter J Sadler: The elements of life and medicines; Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 Mar 13; 373(2037): 20140182.; doi: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0182; PMCID: PMC4342972
  3. Colorado State University Extension: Iron: An Essential Nutrient – 9.356; abgerufen am 30.12.2015
  4. Prinessa Chellan, Peter J Sadler: The elements of life and medicines; Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 Mar 13; 373(2037): 20140182.; doi: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0182; PMCID: PMC4342972
  5. Joann M. McDermid: Iron; Adv Nutr July 2012 Adv Nutr vol. 3: 532-533, 2012; doi: 10.3945/an.112.002261
  6. Joann M. McDermid: Iron; Adv Nutr July 2012 Adv Nutr vol. 3: 532-533, 2012; doi: 10.3945/an.112.002261
  7. Mole DR.: Iron homeostasis and its interaction with prolyl hydroxylases.; Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Apr;12(4):445-58. doi: 10.1089/ars.2009.2790.; PMID: 19650690
  8. Joann M. McDermid: Iron; Adv Nutr July 2012 Adv Nutr vol. 3: 532-533, 2012; doi: 10.3945/?an.112.002261
  9. Caiguo Zhang: Essential functions of iron-requiring proteins in DNA replication, repair and cell cycle control; Protein Cell. 2014 Oct; 5(10): 750–760.; Published online 2014 Jul 8. doi: 10.1007/s13238-014-0083-7; PMCID: PMC4180463
  10. Pourcelot E, Lénon M, Mobilia N, Cahn JY, Arnaud J, Fanchon E, Moulis JM, Mossuz P.: Iron for proliferation of cell lines and hematopoietic progenitors: Nailing down the intracellular functional iron concentration.; Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jul;1853(7):1596-605. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Mar 27.; PMID: 25827953
  11. Roland Lill: Molekularer Mechanismus der Eisen-Schwefel-Protein-Biogenese in Eukaryoten; Forschungsbericht 2014 - Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie
  12. Ward RJ, Crichton RR, Taylor DL, Della Corte L, Srai SK, Dexter DT.: Iron and the immune system.; J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011 Mar;118(3):315-28. doi: 10.1007/s00702-010-0479-3. Epub 2010 Sep 29.; PMID: 20878427
  13. Böhles H, Ullrich K, Endres W, Behbehani AW, Wendel U.: Inadequate iron availability as a possible cause of low serum carnitine concentrations in patients with phenylketonuria.; Eur J Pediatr. 1991 Apr;150(6):425-8.; PMID: 2040352
  14. Ioanna Tzoulaki, Ian J Brown, Queenie Chan, Linda Van Horn, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Liancheng Zhao, Jeremiah Stamler, Paul Elliott: Relation of iron and red meat intake to blood pressure: cross sectional epidemiological study; BMJ 2008; 337 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a258 (Published 15 July 2008)
  15. Sant-Rayn Pasricha, Michael Low, Jane Thompson, Ann Farrell, Luz-Maria De-Regil: Iron Supplementation Benefits Physical Performance in Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; J. Nutr. June 1, 2014 vol. 144 no. 6 906-914; First published April 9, 2014, doi: 10.3945/jn.113.189589
  16. Kathryn L. Beck, Cathryn A. Conlon, Rozanne Kruger, Jane Coad: Dietary Determinants of and Possible Solutions to Iron Deficiency for Young Women Living in Industrialized Countries: A Review; Nutrients. 2014 Sep; 6(9): 3747–3776.; Published online 2014 Sep 19. doi: 10.3390/nu6093747; PMCID: PMC4179187
  17. Collings R, Harvey LJ, Hooper L, Hurst R, Brown TJ, Ansett J, King M, Fairweather-Tait SJ.: The absorption of iron from whole diets: a systematic review.; Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;98(1):65-81. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.050609. Epub 2013 May 29.; PMID: 23719560
  18. Joann M. McDermid: Iron; Adv Nutr July 2012 Adv Nutr vol. 3: 532-533, 2012; doi: 10.3945/an.112.002261
  19. Craig WJ.: Iron status of vegetarians.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1233S-1237S.
  20. Janet R Hunt: Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets; Am J Clin Nutr September 2003 vol. 78 no. 3 633S-639S
  21. Cook JD, Dassenko SA, Lynch SR.: Assessment of the role of nonheme-iron availability in iron balance.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Oct;54(4):717-22.
  22. James D Cook, Manju B Reddy : Effect of ascorbic acid intake on nonheme-iron absorption from a complete diet; Am J Clin Nutr January 2001 vol. 73 no. 1 93-98
  23. Tetens I, Larsen TM, Kristensen MB, Hels O, Jensen M, Morberg CM, Thomsen AD, Højgaard L, Henriksen M.: The importance of dietary composition for efficacy of iron absorption measured in a whole diet that includes rye bread fortified with ferrous fumerate: a radioisotope study in young women.; Br J Nutr. 2005 Nov;94(5):720-6.; PMID: 16277774
  24. Angela V Saunders, Winston J Craig, Surinder K Baines, Jennifer S Posen: Iron and vegetarian diets; Med J Aust 2013; 199 (4 Suppl): S11-S16.; doi: 10.5694/mja11.11494
  25. Hallberg L, Brune M, Rossander L.: The role of vitamin C in iron absorption.; Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl. 1989;30:103-8.; PMID: 2507689
  26. Davidsson L.: Approaches to improve iron bioavailability from complementary foods.; J Nutr. 2003 May;133(5 Suppl 1):1560S-2S.; PMID: 12730466
  27. Siegenberg D, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Macfarlane BJ, Lamparelli RD, Car NG, MacPhail P, Schmidt U, Tal A, Mayet F.: Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytates on nonheme-iron absorption.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Feb;53(2):537-41.; PMID: 1989423
  28. Malika Shah, MD; Ian J. Griffin, MB, ChB; Carlos H. Lifschitz, MD; Steven A. Abrams, MD: Effect of Orange and Apple Juices on Iron Absorption in Children; Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(12):1232-1236.; doi:10.1001/archpedi.157.12.1232.
  29. Ballot D, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Gillooly M, MacFarlane BJ, MacPhail AP, Lyons G, Derman DP, Bezwoda WR, Torrance JD, et al.: The effects of fruit juices and fruits on the absorption of iron from a rice meal.; Br J Nutr. 1987 May;57(3):331-43.; PMID: 3593665
  30. Teucher B, Olivares M, Cori H.: Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids.; Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 Nov;74(6):403-19.; PMID: 15743017; DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.74.6.403
  31. Martinez-Torres C, Layrisse M.: Effect of amino acids on iron absorption from a staple vegetable food.; Blood. 1970 May;35(5):669-82.
  32. Martínez-Torres C, Romano E, Layrisse M.: Effect of cysteine on iron absorption in man.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Mar;34(3):322-7.; PMID: 7211733
  33. Christides T, Sharp P.: Sugars increase non-heme iron bioavailability in human epithelial intestinal and liver cells.; PLoS One. 2013 Dec 10;8(12):e83031. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083031. eCollection 2013.; PMID: 24340076
  34. García-Casal MN, Layrisse M, Solano L, Barón MA, Arguello F, Llovera D, Ramírez J, Leets I, Tropper E.: Vitamin A and beta-carotene can improve nonheme iron absorption from rice, wheat and corn by humans.; J Nutr. 1998 Mar;128(3):646-50.; PMID: 9482776
  35. Layrisse M, García-Casal MN, Solano L, Barón MA, Arguello F, Llovera D, Ramírez J, Leets I, Tropper E.: New property of vitamin A and beta-carotene on human iron absorption: effect on phytate and polyphenols as inhibitors of iron absorption.; Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2000 Sep;50(3):243-8.; PMID: 11347293
  36. Miguel Layrisse, María Nieves García-Casal, Liseti Solano, María Adela Baron, Franklin Arguello, Daisy Llovera, José Ramírez, Irene Leets, Eleonora Tropper: The role of vitamin A on the inhibitors of nonheme iron absorption: Preliminary results; The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 61-67; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(96)00174-X
  37. García-Casal MN, Leets I.: Carotenoids, but not vitamin A, improve iron uptake and ferritin synthesis by Caco-2 cells from ferrous fumarate and NaFe-EDTA.; J Food Sci. 2014 Apr;79(4):H706-12. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12374. Epub 2014 Mar 25.; PMID: 24665932
  38. Joanne Slavin: Fiber and Prebiotics: Mechanisms and Health Benefits; Nutrients. 2013 Apr; 5(4): 1417–1435.; Published online 2013 Apr 22. doi: 10.3390/nu5041417; PMCID: PMC3705355
  39. Rosalind S. Gibson, Leah Perlas, Christine Hotz: Improving the bioavailability of nutrients in plant foods at the household level; Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (0029-6651) Volume 065(002), May 2006, pp 160-168; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PNS2006489 (About DOI); Published online: 07 März 2007
  40. Richard Hurrell, Ines Egli: Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values; Am J Clin Nutr May 2010 vol. 91 no. 5 1461S-1467S; First published March 3, 2010, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674F
  41. Teucher B, Olivares M, Cori H.: Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids.; Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 Nov;74(6):403-19.; PMID: 15743017; DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.74.6.403
  42. Bonsmann SS, Walczyk T, Renggli S, Hurrell RF.: Oxalic acid does not influence nonhaem iron absorption in humans: a comparison of kale and spinach meals.; Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;62(3):336-41. Epub 2007 Apr 18.; PMID: 17440529
  43. Hurrell RF, Reddy M, Cook JD.: Inhibition of non-haem iron absorption in man by polyphenolic-containing beverages.; Br J Nutr. 1999 Apr;81(4):289-95.; PMID: 10999016
  44. Richard Hurrell and Ines Egli: Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values; Am J Clin Nutr May 2010 vol. 91 no. 5 1461S-1467S; First published March 3, 2010, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674F
  45. Jaramillo Á, Briones L, Andrews M, Arredondo M, Olivares M, Brito A, Pizarro F.: Effect of phytic acid, tannic acid and pectin on fasting iron bioavailability both in the presence and absence of calcium.; J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015 Apr;30:112-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.11.005. Epub 2014 Nov 27.; PMID: 25544113
  46. M. Gillooly, T. H. Bothwell, J. D. Torrance, A. P. MacPhail, D. P. Derman, W. R. Bezwoda, W. Mills, R. W. Charlton, Fatima Mayet: The effects of organic acids, phytates and polyphenols on the absorption of iron from vegetables; British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 49 / Issue 03 / May 1983, pp 331-342; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN19830042 (About DOI), Published online: 09 March 2007
  47. Layrisse M, García-Casal MN, Solano L, Barón MA, Arguello F, Llovera D, Ramírez J, Leets I, Tropper E.: Iron bioavailability in humans from breakfasts enriched with iron bis-glycine chelate, phytates and polyphenols.; J Nutr. 2000 Sep;130(9):2195-9.; PMID: 10958812
  48. The Pennsylvania State University, Andrea Messer: Polyphenol antioxidants inhibit iron absorption; August 23, 2010
  49. Rossander-Hultén L, Brune M, Sandström B, Lönnerdal B, Hallberg L.: Competitive inhibition of iron absorption by manganese and zinc in humans.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jul;54(1):152-6.; PMID: 2058577
  50. Olivares M, Pizarro F, Ruz M, de Romaña DL.: Acute inhibition of iron bioavailability by zinc: studies in humans.; Biometals. 2012 Aug;25(4):657-64. doi: 10.1007/s10534-012-9524-z.; PMID: 22297381
  51. Hilary J Powers, Marilyn H Hill, Sohail Mushtaq, Jack R Dainty, Gosia Majsak-Newman, Elizabeth A Williams: Correcting a marginal riboflavin deficiency improves hematologic status in young women in the United Kingdom (RIBOFEM); First published April 27, 2011, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008409; Am J Clin Nutr June 2011; vol. 93 no. 6 1274-1284
  52. David O. Kennedy: B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review; Nutrients 2016, 8(2), 68; doi:10.3390/nu8020068; Published: 28 January 2016
  53. Lynch SR, Dassenko SA, Cook JD, Juillerat MA, Hurrell RF.: Inhibitory effect of a soybean-protein--related moiety on iron absorption in humans.; Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Oct;60(4):567-72.; PMID: 8092092
  54. J D Cook, E R Monsen: Food iron absorption in human subjects. III. Comparison of the effect of animal proteins on nonheme iron absorption.; Am J Clin Nutr August 1976 vol. 29 no. 8 859-867
  55. R F Hurrell, S R Lynch, T P Trinidad, S A Dassenko, J D Cook: Iron absorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins.; Am J Clin Nutr March 1989 vol. 49 no. 3 546-552
  56. Hallberg L, Rossander-Hulthén L, Brune M, Gleerup A.: Inhibition of haem-iron absorption in man by calcium.; Br J Nutr. 1993 Mar;69(2):533-40.; PMID: 8490006
  57. Ben A. V. Thompson, Paul A. Sharp, Ruan Elliott, Susan J. Fairweather-Tait: Inhibitory Effect of Calcium on Non-heme Iron Absorption May Be Related to Translocation of DMT-1 at the Apical Membrane of Enterocytes; J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58 (14), pp 8414–8417; Publication Date (Web): July 2, 2010; DOI: 10.1021/jf101388z
  58. Lönnerdal B.: Calcium and iron absorption--mechanisms and public health relevance.; Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2010 Oct;80(4-5):293-9. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000036.; PMID: 21462112
  59. Lee DH, Anderson KE, Harnack LJ, Folsom AR, Jacobs DR Jr.: Heme iron, zinc, alcohol consumption, and colon cancer: Iowa Women's Health Study.; J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Mar 3;96(5):403-7.; PMID: 14996862
  60. Peter Clarys, Tom Deliens, Inge Huybrechts, Peter Deriemaeker, Barbara Vanaelst, Willem De Keyzer, Marcel Hebbelinck, Patrick Mullie: Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet; Nutrients. 2014 Mar; 6(3): 1318–1332.; Published online 2014 Mar 24.; doi: 10.3390/nu6031318; PMCID: PMC3967195
  61. Jakub G. Sobiecki, Paul N. Appleby, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Timothy J. Key: High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Oxford study; Nutr Res. 2016 May;36 (5):464-77.; DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.016
  62. Nadja B. Kristensen, Mia L. Madsen, Tue H. Hansen, Kristine H. Allin, Camilla Hoppe, Sisse Fagt, Mia S. Lausten, Rikke J. Gøbel, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen: Intake of macro- and micronutrients in Danish vegans; Nutr J. 2015; 14: 115.; Published online 2015 Oct 30.; doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0103-3; PMCID: PMC4628270
  63. Jakub G. Sobiecki, Paul N. Appleby, Kathryn E. Bradbury, Timothy J. Key: High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Oxford study; Nutr Res. 2016 May; 36(5): 464–477.; doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.016; PMCID: PMC4844163